Rhodamine-Polylysine Dual Electrochemical Fluorescent Sensor for Detection of Antidepressants/Neurotransmitters
Research Report By Dhielnawaaz Abrahams, SensorLab, Chemistry Department, Chemical Sciences Building, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa
Introduction
As a doctoral student in the Chemistry department at the University of the Western Cape under Professor Baker, I have had the pleasure of having my work focus on electrochemistry and the detection of emerging contaminates. I was privileged to conduct a three-month research visit at Professor Timothy Glass’s Laboratory at the University of Missouri, Columbia. My research in electrochemistry and the detection of emerging contaminants has been further enriched by the three-month visit, where I explored novel sensing technologies for detecting antidepressants.
Research Experience
The project entitled, “Rhodamine-Polylysine Dual Electrochemical Fluorescent Sensor for Detection of Antidepressants/Neurotransmitters” was to design and synthesize a dual-mode sensor combining electrochemical and fluorescent detection. I embarked on this research project with the goal of acquiring new skills and expertise in fluorescence for detecting emerging contaminants, particularly antidepressants, in water samples. Our laboratory, SensorLab at the University of the Western Cape in South Africa focuses on investigating emerging contaminants, and I aimed to contribute to this field by exploring novel sensing technologies.
Anti-depressants are now recognized as potential emerging contaminants, and understanding their presence and impact on the environment is crucial, especially given the rising mental health crisis worldwide. The increasing use of antidepressants has led to their dispersion in the environment, causing toxicity issues and raising concerns about their effects on ecosystems. Moreover, the complex mechanisms of action of these pharmaceuticals are not yet fully understood, which hinders the development of effective monitoring and treatment strategies. By combining fluorescence and electrochemistry to detect antidepressants, we can gain valuable insights into their working principles and improve our understanding of their behaviour in both biological and environmental systems.
This research is vital for developing better monitoring techniques and treatmentst rategies, and enhancing the quality of life for patients and society as a whole. Through this project, I aimed to contribute to the advancement of knowledge in this field, foster innovation, and inform policy decisions that protect public health and the environment.
This project aimed to develop a novel fluorescent sensor platform for detecting antidepressants, with a focus on sensor performance, selectivity, and sensitivity. Through testing different fluorescent dyes and loading concentrations, the study successfully identified Fluorescein as the most suitable dye and Escitalopram as the antidepressant that worked best with the sensor. The findings laid the groundwork for further development and characterization of the sensor, with future studies planned to investigate the sensor's potential applications in clinical settings, stability, and reproducibility, as well as its potential for detecting other biomolecules.
During my research visit, I had the opportunity to learn new techniques, including fluorescence and HPLC, which significantly enhanced my research skills. I also appreciated the refresher on organic chemistry, which helped me better understand the underlying principles of my project. I'm grateful for the expertise and guidance I received from Prof Timothy Glass as well as my colleagues in his research group.
I'll forever be grateful to those who became my colleagues in Prof Timothy Glass 's lab for all their unwavering support, warm welcomes, expertise and guidance, and keeping me informed of all the happenings in the department, academic and social. You made my time there more enjoyable, thank you Alyssa Allen, Amrutamshu Ramaratnam Iyengar, Ramesh Naidu Bypaneni, Mandana Taheri, Yianna VanFleet, and John Himmelberg. I was grateful for the warm Midwestern hospitality, which is characteristic of the region. The friendly and welcoming nature of the people I met made my research visit a positive and productive experience. They truly made me realize the true meaning of Midwestern hospitality. It has left a lasting impression on me and made my research visit an unforgettable experience.
I appreciate the opportunity to conduct electrochemical experiments in Prof. Sachin Handa's lab, where I received valuable assistance from his students, including Ramesh Choudhry, Karanjeet Kaur, Ashish Dusunge, Dhanush Pradeep, Ashik Chhetri, Amna Akram, and Rida Zainab. I enjoyed teaching and learning electrochemistry from all of you and appreciate the friendships we formed. I'd like to extend a special thank you to Karanjeet Kaur for her friendship and companionship in the lab - sharing experiences with her was truly wonderful, and I'm grateful for the bond we formed.
Prof Timothy Glass’s research group
Prof. Sachin Handa's research group
(A) Laboratories and equipment I utilized, (B) Seminars and Organic Chemistry Day attended
Exploration of the United States
During my research visit, I had the was fortunate to have the opportunity to visit many cities in the US, including Kansas City, Saint Louis, Columbia, and Chicago. It was interesting to see that each city offered a unique experience and attractions. This showcased the diversity and richness of American culture, The opportunity to explore these cities was a valuable part of my research visit, and I appreciated and enjoyed the chance to learn more about the culture and society.
Visiting Chicago
Visiting St Louis
During the research visit, I experienced Ramadan (Muslim month of fasting) and was warmly welcomed by the Muslim community in Columbia. Despite initial apprehensions, I found a sense of connection. The community's diversity left a lasting impression, teaching me valuable lessons about the importance cultural understanding, and shared values in bridging differences.
Attending Eid celebrations
I was fortunate to be able to connect and travel with fellow South Africans and Africans studying and conducting research in the US, we explored cities and shared experiences. Our discussions on African heritage, career development, strategic planning, and giving back to our communities provided valuable insights. Being able to witness their graduations and learning from their experiences was truly inspiring, and I cherished the memories and laughter we shared. This experience deepened my appreciation for African diversity and resilience, it also reinfused and highlighted in me the importance of community, and mutual support.
Encountering Africans and South Africans in the US
Acknowledgements
Finally, I'd like to extend my heartfelt gratitude and thanks to Prof P.G.L. Baker, Prof
Timothy Glass, Prof Rodney Uphoff, Judy Prevo, Julie St John, the UMSAEP program, the University of the Western Cape, Department of Chemistry, and the University of
Missouri Columbia, Department of Chemistry. For all their assistance, aid and contributions in supporting me in every step of this research exchange, before, during and after, it is greatly apricated. This experience provided a valuable opportunity for me to gain valuable experience and build an international network, a key stepping stone in my development as an academic.
Reviewed 2025-07-31